Exmouth’s Indigenous History
A timeless connection to Country
We acknowledge the Baiyungu, West Coastal Thalanyji and Yinikurtura People as the Traditional Owners and custodians of the land and water that we are on and pay our respects to past, present and future generations.
Long before Exmouth became a gateway to Ningaloo Reef, the Baiyungu, West Coastal Thalanyji and Yinikurtura people called this land home. For tens of thousands of years, they lived in harmony with the land and sea, relying on Ningaloo’s rich waters, Cape Range’s natural shelters, and an intimate understanding of the seasons and wildlife.
Their traditions, stories, and knowledge remain deeply woven into this landscape. As we explore its incredible beauty, we also walk in the footsteps of its Traditional Custodians — acknowledging a cultural heritage that has existed here for thousands of years.
How do you pronounce the names of the Traditional Owners?
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Baiyungu = Bay – un – goo - ✔
Thalanyji = Tal – an – gee - ✔
Yinikurtura = Yin – ee – ger – der – a
The traditional custodians of Ningaloo
The Baiyungu, West Coastal Thalanyji and Yinikurtura people are the Traditional Custodians of the Exmouth region, with a deep connection to Ningaloo’s land, sea, and skies. For tens of thousands of years, they lived sustainably along this coastline, relying on the reef’s abundant marine life, the freshwater sources of Cape Range, and natural rock shelters for survival.
Fishing, hunting, and foraging were central to their way of life, with dugong, turtle, and shellfish providing vital sustenance. Seasonal knowledge guided their movements, ensuring they lived in balance with the land. Beyond survival, the reef and surrounding landscapes hold deep spiritual significance, woven into Dreaming stories that explain the creation of the land and the sacred responsibility of caring for Country.
Many of these stories have been passed down through generations, keeping the cultural connection to Ningaloo alive. Today, as we experience the incredible beauty of this World Heritage-listed coastline, we also recognise it as an ancient and living cultural landscape, rich with history, knowledge, and tradition.
Connection to land and sea
For the Baiyungu, West Coastal Thalanyji and Yinikurtura people, Ningaloo is more than a place – it’s a part of who they are. For tens of thousands of years, they lived in balance with land and sea, guided by deep knowledge of the seasons, marine life, and the reef’s natural rhythms.
Their traditions weren’t just about survival; they were a form of environmental stewardship, ensuring the reef and its wildlife thrived for generations. Passed down through storytelling, this wisdom remains a vital link to Country, reminding us that Ningaloo’s beauty is not just natural but cultural, shaped by thousands of years of care and connection.
Traditional practices include sustainable fishing, hunting, and foraging. While specific rituals or ceremonies are not extensively documented publicly, it's understood that their cultural practices are deeply intertwined with the rhythms of the sea and land.
Rock art, artefacts, and cultural sites
Scattered across Exmouth region are traces of ancient culture – stone tools, shell middens, and rock shelters that tell the story of the Baiyungu, West Coastal Thalanyji and Yinikurtura people’s deep connection to this land. These artefacts offer a glimpse into thousands of years of life along the Ningaloo Coast, where Indigenous communities thrived, relying on the reef’s bounty and the land’s natural resources.
While Ningaloo isn’t widely known for extensive rock art, nearby areas hold sacred sites where carvings and ochre paintings depict stories of ancestors, wildlife, and Dreaming paths. These cultural markers are a vital link to history, preserving knowledge passed down through generations.
Today, these sites remain an important part of Australia’s Indigenous heritage. Visitors are encouraged to respect and protect them – taking only photos and leaving no trace – so that the rich history of the Yinikurtura people continues to be honoured for generations to come.
Impact of colonisation and modern recognition
The arrival of European settlers brought profound disruption to the lives of the Baiyungu, West Coastal Thalanyji, Yinikurtura people and other Indigenous groups in the region. Traditional ways of life were severely impacted as access to land, water, and food sources was restricted, and cultural practices were disrupted. Despite these challenges, their deep connection to Country has endured, with traditions, stories, and knowledge passed down through generations.
Today, there is growing recognition of Indigenous heritage in the Ningaloo region. Efforts in land rights, cultural preservation, and reconciliation continue to strengthen Indigenous voices and ensure their history is acknowledged and respected. Initiatives such as Indigenous ranger programs and heritage conservation projects help protect both the natural and cultural landscapes of the Ningaloo.
Respecting Ningaloo's history honours its Traditional Custodians. It's not just a natural wonder, but a cultural landscape with stories told for thousands of years.
Indigenous cultural experiences and learning opportunities
Engaging with the rich Indigenous heritage of the Exmouth region offers visitors a profound connection to the land and its Traditional Custodians. Once you’ve had a blast on one of our whale shark tours, check out some of the meaningful ways you can immerse yourself in the Yinikurtura people’s culture.
Baiyungu Dreaming Tours
Led by Traditional Owner Hazel Walgar, Baiyungu Dreaming provides tagalong tours that explore the hidden gems of the Ningaloo Coast. You’ll visit pristine beaches, ancient shell midden sites, and turtle nurseries, all while hearing stories deeply rooted in the land’s cultural significance.
Why we love it:
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- Authentic storytelling from a Traditional Custodian
- Explore hidden cultural sites off the beaten path
- Learn about Indigenous sustainability practices firsthand
- A truly immersive experience, connecting history with nature
Gwoonwardu Mia - Gascoyne Aboriginal Heritage and Cultural Centre
If you’re road tripping from Perth to Exmouth and have a stop off in Carnarvon, Gwoonwardu Mia celebrates the culture of the five Aboriginal language groups of the Gascoyne region. With award-winning interpretive displays, the centre offers an interactive and educational experience, highlighting Dreaming stories, artefacts, and the Indigenous connection to Country.
Why we love it:
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- A deep dive into Indigenous history through beautifully curated exhibits
- A great indoor experience – perfect for hot days
- Family-friendly and interactive, making learning engaging for all ages
- Supports Indigenous artists and storytellers through its cultural programs
- A deep dive into Indigenous history through beautifully curated exhibits
Exmouth Modern History & Heritage Tour
Run by Exmouth Adventure Co, this guided bus tour uncovers the rich history of the Ningaloo region, including Indigenous heritage, wartime events, and the development of Exmouth. It visits key sites like Charles Knife Gorge, the Krait Memorial, Jurabi Turtle Centre, and Vlamingh Head Lighthouse, blending natural beauty with fascinating stories of the past.
Why we love it:
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- A mix of Indigenous and modern history, giving a full picture of the region
- Visits some of the best lookout points in Exmouth
- Ideal for those who prefer a guided experience with expert insights
- Great for history buffs who want more than just a scenic tour
Responsible and respectful travel practices
Exploring Ningaloo isn’t just about witnessing its natural beauty — it’s about respecting the cultural stories that have been woven into this land for thousands of years. Here’s how you can honour the region’s Indigenous heritage during your visit:
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- Seek permission: Some places hold deep cultural significance. If you’re unsure whether a site is sacred, check first or visit with a knowledgeable guide.
- Leave no trace: Take nothing but photos or memories. Avoid disturbing natural habitats or removing artefacts to keep Ningaloo’s history intact for future generations.
- Support Indigenous businesses: Choosing an Indigenous-led tour or experience is a great way to learn directly from Traditional Custodians while contributing to their communities.
- Listen and learn: Every story shared is a window into an ancient culture. Approach with an open mind and a willingness to understand the deep connection between Country, culture, and people.
By travelling thoughtfully, we help ensure that Ningaloo remains not just a natural wonder, but a living cultural landscape for generations to come.